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The EnlightenmentThe new ways of
thinking developed during the Scientific Revolution began to extend
into otherareas of life beyond that of just science. Scholars and
philosophers began to re-think the old ideasabout religion,
economics, and education. In France, these social critics were
known as“Philosophes”. For the most part, they were not
professional philosophers, but rather selfappointed critics who
believed that it was their duty to think critically. These thinkers
focusedlargely on questioning the role of government, which during
that period consisted mostly ofabsolute monarchies.State of
NatureThe “natural condition of mankind” that would exist if there
were no government, no civilization,no laws, and no common power to
restrain human nature. The state of nature is a “war of allagainst
all,” in which human beings constantly seek to destroy each other
in an incessant pursuitfor power. —Thomas Hobbes, Leviathana)
Explain the above passage in your own words:
b) Do you agree with the passage? Explain.
Hobbes and LockeThe Enlightenment started from key ideas put
forth by two English political thinkers of the 1600’s,Thomas Hobbes
and John Locke. Both men experienced hardships in England early in
that century(in the English Civil War) but as a result, they
developed very different ideas about government andhuman
nature.Thomas Hobbes expressed his views in a bookcalled Leviathan.
The horrors of the EnglishCivil war convinced him that all humans
wereselfish and wicked.John Locke wrote his views in a book called
TheTwo Treatises on Government. Locke took on amore positive view
of human nature. He believedthat all people are born with three
natural rightslife, liberty, and property.Hobbes and Locke: Views
on GovernmentHobbesThe only way to create a government is to give
the power and strength to one man… men will give uptheir right of
governing oneself to this man. This is more than just giving up
their individuality; it isthe real unity of them all. This done, so
united in one person, is called a commonwealth.LockeThe reason men
enter into society is the preservation of their property; and the
reason they make agovernment is so laws can be made, and rules set,
to limit the power of every member of society.Whenever the
government tries to take away the property of the people, or to
reduce them to slavery,they put themselves into a state of war with
the people who are then freed from any furtherobedience.
Explain the differing views of Hobbes and Locke in your own
wordsHobbes LockeName___________________ Date____Who would agree
with the following quotes: Locke or Hobbes?“That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from theconsent of the governed…”Thomas Jefferson (1787)Who
would agree with the above quote: Locke or Hobbes? Explain:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by theirCreator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness. “Thomas Jefferson (1787)Who would agree with
the above quote: Locke or Hobbes? Explain:
“The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of
God…it is not true in fact. The people are turbulentand changing;
they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first
class (the rich) a distinct,permanent share in the government. They
will check the unsteadiness of the second (people).”Alexander
Hamilton (1787)Who would agree with the above quote: Locke or
Hobbes? Explain:
“That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of
these ends, it is the Right of the People toalter or to abolish
it…”Thomas Jefferson (1787)Who would agree with the above quote:
Locke or Hobbes? Explain:
Look at the different issues below and with your group,
decide how Lockeand Hobbes would answer the question.Issue Hobbes
Locke
Should there be a militarydraft in times of war?
Should the police use anymeans necessary to preventcrime?Do
you agree more with Locke or Hobbes? Why?
Essential Question:Who do you agree with Thomas Hobbes or
John Locke? Why?Task I:Complete Essay Outline on paper.Task
II:Please write a well-written essay (argumentative-one is better
than theother) that clearly argues for Thomas Hobbes or John Locke
based onyour reading of the evidence (facts) provided. Then edit
and revise essay.Task III:Submit on Turnitin.Your paragraph must
contain these elements:1) An Introductory paragraph that introduces
the topic and identifiesyour main idea (Point of View).2) Two to
three Body paragraphs that clearly supports your Point ofView on
Hobbes or Locke. 3) A Concluding paragraph that summarizes your
Point of View and Connects.
essay, history, 2/550
Topic: Hobbes vs. Locke Essay .
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